与Zach Davis一起探索创新的意义

“为什么会出现创新?我曾经认为答案与必要性有关。当人们有他们需要的东西时,技术和创新就会展开。我研究得越多,就越意识到很多创新来自于:“为什么?”我把这个弄乱了。我想要它。我很好奇。我很感兴趣。我并没有打算让这发生,这是偶然的,这一切都走到了一起”——扎克·戴维斯,劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的高级研究员

创新几乎总是被视为一件积极的事情。然而,当一个全新的创新想法具有不可预见的影响时会发生什么呢?如果创新并不一定会在一开始就产生积极影响,会发生什么?今天,劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的高级研究员扎克·戴维斯将深入了解创新的潜在威胁和风险。扎克擅长大规模杀伤性武器和新兴技术的分析。他分享了商业世界如何与政府沟通,反之亦然,以及创新技术的复杂性。虽然需求是发明之母,但严格来说,必要的东西不一定是有益的和鼓舞人心的。让好奇心、激情和兴趣激发创新的想法,而不是严格的必要性。随着技术创新带来的全球社区,在考虑“战略潜伏期”(即利用和探索创新的方式)时,讲故事和谁来编写故事是需要探索的基本问题。一定要去看看https://cgsr.llnl.gov/更多关于劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室和创新技术的复杂性。有兴趣进一步了解吗?请看本文中关于信息全球传播的机会和陷阱的一个例子隐形研究:缺乏来自医疗独角兽的同行评议证据,以及塞缪尔·亨廷顿(Samuel Huntington)关于冷战后的冲突和信息的有趣的创新预测:《文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建》

扎卡里·戴维斯擅长大规模杀伤性武器和新兴技术的分析。他拥有南亚安全方面的专业知识。在劳伦斯利弗莫尔实验室他管理着一个关于新兴技术军事影响的项目。戴维斯博士在海军研究生院关于反扩散和封锁。他撰写了大量文章和章节,并编辑了有关核扩散、南亚安全和战略潜伏的书籍。

听播客

成绩单

本集由Untold Content赞助播出乐动体育足球创新讲故事训练乐动体育266.在这种身临其境和互动,故事驱动的体验中增加购买您的最佳想法。在这里,您的团队为他们最新的项目、原型和宣传改进讲故事的技巧,并从25个具有影响力的创新故事的史诗般的例子中获得灵感。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:00:04)欢迎来到“不为人知的创新故事”,我们在这里放大由“不为人知的内容”驱动的洞察力、影响力和创新的不为人知的故事。乐动体育足球我是主持人,凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:00:19)我们今天的嘉宾是扎克·戴维斯,他是劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的高级研究员,也是加州蒙特利海军研究生院的研究教授。扎克,我很高兴你能在播客上谈论一些迄今为止我们在播客上还没有涉及到的东西。我想说,这是创新的阴暗面,如果你愿意的话,可以这么说。但我认为在美国甚至全球都有一种广泛流行的说法,即创新、进步和技术进步总是好的。而硅谷的文化在某种程度上加剧或放大了这种情况。我们说“快速行动,打破陈规”。但你的领导能力实际上,非常重要的是,在相反的思路上,也就是:当创新的某些风险和结果没有按照计划进行时或者当它们实际上是为了有害而发明的时候,对我们的国家安全或我们的公司或我们的生计有影响的威胁和风险是什么?跟我们说说你的工作吧。我发现这非常吸引人,我真的很兴奋能投入其中。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:01:38)谢谢你,凯蒂。是的,技术总是一把双刃剑,它总是有双重用途的性质。事实上,正如你所提到的,在国防工业和美国政府中,我们特别在寻找可以应用于你可能称之为黑暗面的创新。这就是我们的目标。这是有悠久历史的。事实上,科技似乎总是比其他任何东西都更能反映人性。我想起了2001年电影《太空漫游》的第一个开场场景,一群猿猴站在巨石前。它们用了大约一分钟的时间捡起骨头,开始敲打骨头,并环顾四周,看看能击中谁。所以这确实是人类本性中固有的东西。技术只是人性的一种表达。 And with all of its, you know, with all of its flaws and itself having a dark side and a light side. Right?

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:03:14)是的。是什么让你对这一领域的研究和领导感兴趣?

扎克·戴维斯:(00:03:21)是的,我一开始我的意思是,当我终于有时间上大学的时候,这对我来说并不是很自然,但当我上大学的时候,我想我想进入科学领域。我对科学和物理非常感兴趣。作为一名冲浪者,我想学习海洋学,我认为这将是结合我的兴趣的好方法。所以当我开始上学去上那些课的时候,没过多久我就意识到我对科技的影响,政治后果,决策制定,科技的结果比对科技本身更感兴趣。这让我开始尝试研究科学政策和技术政策以及围绕这些政策的决策制定。当然,这很快就把你引向了核武器和重要的或战略性的技术,这些技术有能力改变世界,使它脱离你可能认为的稳定进步,使世界向不同的方向发展。因此,我对核武器、核战略、核政策和核历史以及这些技术是如何开始和形成的以及它们是如何演变成我的意思是,核武器和核技术是我所说的双重用途的一个很好的例子。对吧?它可以是一种奇妙的能量来源,也可以应用于医学,对人类和人类有真正的好处,但它也具有内在的能力,可以摧毁一切被建造和创造的东西。所以这是一种典型的战略延迟技术。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:05:35)是的。你写了很多关于战略延迟的文章。对于那些可能不太熟悉这个词的人,听众,你能帮我向外行定义一下这个词吗?

扎克·戴维斯:(00:05:45)是的。所以它有很多名字,不同的机构,不同的研究人员对新兴技术,新兴技术和颠覆性技术有不同的说法。我们提到战略延迟这个术语有几个原因。一是我们用了一个被过度使用的词,战略?那么什么是战略呢?这对我们来说意味着,这是一件特别重要的事情,不仅仅是每一项技术,我们想要区分这些技术是如何改变世界的,一些可以改变力量平衡的东西,一些不能被忽视的东西,如果这是(措辞不清)定义和世界权力分配的定义。所以这就把你的清单缩小了,当然,关于哪些技术属于这一类还是有争议的。现在有很多人已经具备了这种能力。但是核武器,当然,是这种技术所固有的战略能力的典型代表。第二个词,潜伏期,这是另一个模糊的术语,对不同的人有不同的含义,但潜在的,对我们来说,指的是技术的潜在的,有时尚未开发的,未被重视的方面,因为这些技术通常没有明显的应用,现在回想起来,对我们来说似乎很清楚这些东西有这种潜在的潜力以这些方式使用。 But, oftentimes, these technologies lay sort of dormant until they meet up with other technologies, or that’s where we get into the realm of innovation, right? Someone comes up with an idea like, “well, you know, we could…” And then there’s a chain of events that brings that latency to the fore and then it can be exploited either for commercial or military or creative purposes. And so there is a lot of latency around in the technologies that there are lists and lists of technologies that could be exploited in different ways. And today we have the whole biotech field is really genetic engineering going off with latent potential. And there’s quantum computing, hypersonics, space is another area where there’s a tremendous explosion of latent technologies that have the potential – they could be on the list. But yet we don’t know. And maybe 20 years ago, people were talking about, you know, cyber and the Internet. And this has tremendous potential to change the world. And it wasn’t clear how that was going to unfold with iPhones and the like. And it has. And so these things are hard to predict and they are latent until, you know, the human motivation puts that intent behind it and starts to innovate and create new applications.

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:09:47)因此,根据定义,战略延迟,涉及到一些时间的因素并且在这方面做了一些研究。所以很多创新团队都专注于“未来”,或者试图预测未来的趋势,尤其是在消费者行为方面,诸如此类的事情。在你看来,战略延迟研究和创新中发生的未来工作之间的关系是什么?

扎克·戴维斯:(00:10:13)嗯,这是一个非常有趣的话题领域,因为人们喜欢预测,对吧?然后,人们想要它,他们想知道未来……

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:10:27)他们想成为正确的人。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:10:29)他们想赚钱,或者想写科幻小说。对吧?他们想…他们想看到未来。有一个伟大的人——儒勒·凡尔纳、赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯和艾萨克·阿西莫夫——他们都对未来的技术有很好的想法。今天,我们有一种家庭手工业,人们试图预测。但是,我认为更具体的国防应用领域,你知道,有一个战略警告的问题,对吧?未来是什么?如果他们能这么做?他们能做到吗?因此,人们会关注其他创新者、其他国家、其他公司、其他团体、其他竞争对手正在做什么,以及“如果……会怎样?” What if they were able to put this with that and, you know, so predicting also is – sorry to say – hard and there’s a sort of a unicorn that we’re chasing in prediction that maybe with enough data. Right? Maybe with big enough computers and enough data and the right algorithms, you know, we could come up with a prediction as to how these technologies are going to join up with human motivations and produce something we haven’t seen before. And is that going to be dangerous and is that going to be applied to military purposes? And so, you know, prediction in the US government really is the realm of the intelligence community where you’re looking at what’s coming and do we need to warn people about it? But it’s also in the realm of defense planning, right? Because you’re building today or you’re planning today for things that won’t come into existence for, sometimes, years and years, takes a long time to build a big naval or space system. And so you want to know what the battlefield looks like now. So that you can prepare for it, but of course, you can’t. So there’s a… It’s a robust industry these days, this notion of foresight and predicting what’s coming and how it’s going to manifest. And, of course, in the private sector, that is business intelligence. Right? That’s what it’s going to be doing.

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:13:32)是的。在商业世界和创新者的动机和政府在国家安全中的角色之间,有一个额外的讽刺和紧张。就我们如何看待创新而言,这确实是一个冲突。创新者正在使用数据和预测来预测可能有利可图的行为,并了解可能导致对某些新技术需求的变化行为,而不必考虑这些行为对国家安全的后果。然后,另一方面,你有国家安全,国防,国家领导层和政府,他们的首要任务是安全,同时也要为经济增长做出贡献。所以这些东西处于如此紧张的状态,在我看来,它们真的说着不同的语言。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:14:32)你说得太对了。我的意思是,至少在冷战期间,许多重大的技术创新都起源于政府。它们是大政府项目的结果,你知道,曼哈顿计划。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:14:53)是的。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:14:55)隐形或者iPhone。所以这些政府机构和政府项目是很多这些改变世界的技术的诞生地,这意味着,在一段时间内,政府可以控制这些东西,对吧?你可以有出口控制,你可以保密,你可以说,你知道,不是每个人都被允许知道这个,你可以控制它。对吧?这是一种控制该技术更广泛影响的方法。当然,所有的东西都被剥离了政府不再是,这些大型技术创新的唯一来源。这些都是在私营部门。这就是硅谷出现的原因。当然,你知道,那里有不同的文化,但他们与政府有着根本不同的目标。正如你所说,政府的主要目的是保护人民和国家。 And the companies are primarily focused on making money and shareholder value. And so there’s a really big gap. Right. And it is a gap between the cultures. And you said, I mean, the language that people use is, you know, it’s hard to even talk across that gulf of government-speak and defense-speak and intel-speak and Silicon Valley entrepreneurial culture that has grown up with its own language and its own way of doing things. But interestingly, you know, the government, like I was saying, you know, wanting the best newest technology, wanting to understand the battlefield of the future and prepare for it is… At least understands that they need the private sector now. And interestingly, the private sector is global. These Silicon Valley firms are global. They are not US firms in many ways. They’re fully globalized and they have a global customer base and their talent base is global. They get people and experts from the world. And so you’ve got a situation where these formerly secretive defense industrial complex managers are forced to reach out to the primary source of innovation and try to bridge that gap, and so there have been a number of efforts put in place specifically to do that. So there’s something in Silicon Valley here called the “Defense Innovation Unit.” It was created in the last administration specifically to build a bridge and get to know and, as they put it when it was established, be a kind of a, you know, a consulate, be a kind of an embassy for the Defense Department in Silicon Valley and reach out and understand, you know, their needs.

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:18:41)这个术语,这个比喻本身就说明了这个领事馆存在的严重分歧,就好像我们进入了外国领土,不得不说一种完全不同的语言。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:18:54)这是真的。所以你看到了几个真正紧张的时刻,特别是,你知道,随着人工智能,人工智能和国防部意识到他们不能没有它,未来的战场将非常依赖于这些工具,出于各种目的,而且没有追索权。他们不得不去硅谷。中央情报局已经有了一个前哨站,在硅谷有一个前哨站,叫做in - q - tel。他们的商业模式是寻找可以应用于他们需求的技术,智能需求,然后确保这些公司不会倒闭。对吧?所以他们扮演着风险资本投资实体的角色,确保这些苦苦挣扎的公司,那些拥有政府真正可以利用的东西的公司,不会在他们所谓的“死亡之谷”中死亡,在一个伟大的想法和第一轮融资之间。但是“我们就是没能成功。我们只是找不到客户,所以我们不得不关闭它。”所以这种模式是成功的。 The Defense Innovation Unit model is a little bit different, but they also are looking at startups and they’re looking at ways to build these partnerships and bring the Silicon Valley class into the inner circle of what their defense needs really are. And with A.I., that all kind of focused on something called “Project Maven” in which Google was helping, because they are a leader in this field, and Google was helping the Defense Department and mainly in the massive flows of data. Right? I mean, that’s really the battlefield of the future, are these massive flows of data coming from multiple sources because it’s a multi-domain battlefield, is what we call it now, where, you know, you’ve got the space assets and ground, and unmanned vehicles of various types, massive data flows coming in. And so Project Maven was helping with that, and you saw kind of a rebellion among some of the Google staff. “[unclear wording] kill people, I’m not doing that,” and so it was maybe an instructive experience for both sides and more people in the valley side are coming to understand the totality of what defense means and the defense side, people are coming more to understand the priorities and ethics of the private sector.

创新讲故事培训播客广告乐动体育266

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:22:36)我希望你能继续分享更多关于这方面的内容。您曾就新兴和颠覆性技术所带来的威胁、机遇和国家安全挑战发表过重要见解。你已经提供了一些强有力的例子,但你能分享更多来自这个特定领域的故事吗?

扎克·戴维斯:(00:23:02)嗯,是的,我的意思是,这是整个话题有趣的一部分,对吧,你知道,它是如此广泛,对吧?它跨越了每一个烟囱,你知道,每一种文化,每一个国家。所以我想应该从人类的角度来思考,人们在做什么,对吧?有什么创新技术正在被开发,你知道,不是在我们所知道的地方,而是在其他国家。当然,这些天来,中国受到了很多关注,因为他们显然在进行投资,他们把钱放在嘴边,他们投入了大量资源,我指的是人力资源,但金钱资源,他们在这些关键技术领域投入了大量努力,其中包括生物技术领域。但是计算能力,你知道,神经学,它是全面的,他们把碎片放在一起,他们让他们的人在世界上最好的大学接受训练。他们明确地将成为这些关键技术的领导者作为目标。由于军事方面的复杂情况,这引起了人们的关注。这场全球竞赛的一个有趣的方面是,这些国家的文化在比赛中也很明显。所以你看看俄罗斯,情况就完全不同了。 And this question of the private sector becomes really important, whereas China has unleashed these companies, although, with a tether – and you saw this in the Tik Tok and WeChat concerns – is that some of their technologies may actually still have a link to the government. And so that raises the well, why? Why… What are they doing with this data? Is this going to be weaponized? In Russia, you just don’t have the private sector and that’s really hurt them. And it’s made it very hard for them to compete in certain areas. Now, of course, they have world-class brainpower, but they just don’t have the financial resources or the entrepreneurial class, and they lose those people to the West, where they go off to make money, right? And so, you know, Russia’s going to be… Going to be hurt by this. And so I guess one of the most interesting aspects of this is the cultural dimension that, as globalized as everything is and as globally available as all this technology is in the defense world, it still comes down to countries. And how different countries make decisions and have a good relationship with these companies and are able to rely on them and have a mutually beneficial relationship, or whether you have to go outside of your own country and pay the price for global technology. So it’s interesting. And, of course, the other way you can categorize it is biotechnologies, right? And a lot of these fields are culturally different, right? So the biotech industry is really different from the biological sciences operate by a different set of scientific norms and principles, and, you know, you go through a different training in order to be credible and productive in that field. So you get into a lot of other sort of disciplinary or multidisciplinary controversies as well. Right? The ethics, the norms and even treaties. Right?

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:27:55)我们处在一个后Theranos时代,有些盲目的前进势头,坦率地说,没有足够的医学严格性或科学审查。我认为这个领域的文化正在开始改变,认可变得更加关键。但就在去年,有一项很棒的研究发表了关于医疗独角兽缺乏同行评议的研究。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:28:24)正确的。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:28:25)我会把它链接到节目说明中,因为这是一本好书,但我认为文化已经开始改变了。但这是一个缓慢的变化。但同样,这真的很重要,不仅仅是…就我们向世界投放的医疗产品的有效性而言,这对国家安全利益来说不是那么重要。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:28:44)这是其中一个有趣的方面,你知道,随之而来的道德问题,在某种程度上是嵌入在条约、实践和科学界运作的方式中。但特别是如果你看看生物科学,你知道,有人期望某些事情不应该做,我们不应该做某些事情。这些障碍中有很多已经被检验过,也被绕过了,所以这在国防和外交领域是一个有趣的问题,很多关于不应该做的事情的行为规范都体现在条约中。所以有生物武器条约,化学武器条约,核不扩散条约,禁止试验,核武器,在大气中试验的条约,以及一些人类已经决定最好不做的事情,为了所有人的利益,我认为可以公平地问一下,如果这些规范、做法、机构、法律和协议正在被检验,并被证明是不可执行的,被证明是……到了紧要关头……不再被实施,不再被尊重。所以你会看到化学武器卷土重来。这是人们认为已经解决的问题。《禁止化学武器公约》,你知道,有一个执法和核查机构。但是,当这些国际多边机构依赖大国来执行这些理念时,你知道,这就归结为大国政治。现在,大国政治并没有把多边协议放在前面……

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:31:36)也许感觉是短期的。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:31:39)更为直接。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:31:39)正确的。正确的。我想说的是把它放在可能是短期个人利益之前或者…有趣。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:31:48)正确的。是的。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:31:50)我知道你的专业领域是大规模杀伤性武器和一些更多的物理威胁,但我们也生活在一个虚假信息和数据被用来影响和改变公众舆论或人们的心态的时代。在你的研究中也涉及到这个领域吗?

扎克·戴维斯:(00:32:18)好吧,我是这些漂流者中的一员,我什么都懂,什么都不精通,但这让我能够找到正确的人来回答这类问题。在我们为特种作战司令部写的新书中有一个很大的章节是关于虚假信息的问题。当然,你知道,目前的一些明显的例子表明,这是多么容易,信息流动的全球化已经使破坏民主化。这太简单了。你不需要有很多资源。这不像发现一种新元素或部署一种新武器系统。这真的打开了这个领域,因为它太简单了。你们知道我是如何开始谈论这些工具仅仅是人性的反映。我认为这就是你在虚假信息方面所看到的。你知道,这些缺点,这些不足,我的意思是,这是…对吧? Throughout political philosophy, it’s in the Bible, it’s in all of our understanding of human nature that we have these fears and insecurities and prejudices and confirmation bias. And that’s just a part of being human. And so these tools, these global tools that can get into your pocket, that can reach billions in a nanosecond, have opened up this new realm of influence operations. And again, you know, no norms to guide this, no sense of restraint. And we have hurtled forward in discovering the latent potential of these technologies and the influence on individual group, collective consciousness. And of course, that has tremendous implications for democracy, but also for leadership. When you can undermine decision-making by introducing controversial ideas that are not supportive of leadership directions or leadership, you know, priorities and and it’s just too easy and we seem to be, globally, willing to, you know, to let this tsunami overwhelm us. And what comes on the other side when there’s no ability to distinguish between truth and lies or interpretations, and it comes down to critical thought. I mean, I asked my kids about this, too, because they, you know, they’re on all these social media platforms. And I’m not and I don’t understand. And they say, “hey, you know, Dad, did you hear about this?” And I go, “well that sounds like… That is stupid. That can’t be right.” “Yeah. Well, you know as well, you know…” Fortunately or unfortunately, this new generation is at least extremely cynical. I find. And that maybe our saving grace, right? That they don’t believe… they know it’s all B.S. They don’t believe anybody. They don’t believe me. They don’t believe you. They don’t believe it. They, at least, I mean, it’s a little disheartening because you don’t want to raise a generation of cynics. On the other hand, they at least have this critical capacity to know that all this stuff that’s flowing into their phones and computers and across the you know, the universe may or may not be true. The problem is they don’t believe anybody, right?

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:36:42)对,对,对。嗯,我认为我们现在,经过这么多年,生活在一个由社交媒体主导的世界里,我们现在才看到一些公司开始屏蔽错误信息或采取更积极的措施。这是一个问题。但至少我们现在正朝着那个方向前进,这花了很长时间。也许是由于国家安全和政府领导人的一些阻挠,创新界开始更有准备地捍卫和保护不正确信息的广泛快速传播。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:37:33)嗯,我认为有一个新的全球软实力竞争。所有这些,你知道,这种连通性和使之成为可能的机制正在为影响和全球力量打开新的可能性。我们过去常常谈论软实力,它在某种程度上次于硬实力,军事、经济、真正有形的实力形式,而软实力是,你知道,文化和概念上的,你知道,来自全球连接的其他形式的影响力。我认为你特别注意到,中国实体现在已经收购了大多数好莱坞大型电影制片厂,并对内容施加影响。有一个词我很讨厌,但我不得不说那就是在叙事方面存在着全球性的竞争。对吧?谁在讲这个故事?我想这正是你的拿手好戏,凯蒂。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:39:00)正确的。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:39:01)因为这一切都是关于故事,谁讲故事,你如何讲故事。而美国,在整个冷战时期处于优势地位,确实有这种主要地位,能够讲述故事并控制叙事。美国电影、美国作家、美国电视和美国产品也是如此。蝙蝠侠、李维斯和约翰·韦恩。我们建立了一个关于美国和美国世纪的故事。我认为,在全球权力的竞争中,现在有一个……这都是有争议的。而几个正在崛起的大国,包括中国,还有中国、俄罗斯、伊朗和其他许多正在崛起的国家,他们的情况则截然不同。他们说,是的,我们听过美国的故事,也听过殖民主义的故事。很好,很好的故事。但是你做完了。 We’re done listening to you. And so global media is trying to tell different stories. And so, you know, India has its own story and they have their own sense of the world order and their own sense of history and what the future should look like. So rising powers are trying to change the narrative and they recognize that these… Global connectivity and the contest for soft power is really where the hearts and minds of the world are going to be changed. And whether the new order that is coming will favor, and unfortunately, this comes down to either national or cultural or ethnic… There was a big article that came out around the end of the Cold War by an international relations scholar. His name was Samuel Huntington, very influential. And he posited that now that the Cold War was over and that the restraints on these big national and ethnic rivalries had been eliminated that the future would now sort of devolve into, unfortunately, what… Kind of something more along the lines of what we’re seeing now. It’s that there would be, you know, a Chinese narrative, a European narrative, a South American narrative, a South Asian narrative. That the big divisions in the world would manifest in this sort of globalized competition for, you know, the hearts and minds of the world. And that’s kind of what’s happening. I mean, anyone can tell the story now.

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:42:22)正确的。正确的。正如你所说,对于一个国家或实体来说,通过使用虚假信息来获得软实力是太容易了。而且,你知道,所有这些话题都会让你在个人层面上感到有点无助,如果你不是控制国家安全决策的人。但我想,作为创新者、首席技术官、首席信息官、经理以及从创新领域底层开始工作的人,听到这句话——对于我们个人来说,有一些收获。在Untold,我们喜欢研究公共知识主义的概念。我们如何改变这个概念,从一个出现在新闻圈的很酷的a名单的人变成一个我们都可以应用到我们在世界上的日常行动的概念?你是如何促进一个知识共享、有价值、寻求真理的世界的?你在其中扮演的角色是什么,你是如何掌控这一切的?综上所述,我希望我们能在最后一起讨论一下个人责任,真的,因为很多力量都是个人无法控制的。 And yet within our own spheres of influence, we do have some control over whether or not we allow our innovation stories to discuss the dark side and to have that ethical touch point in our innovation processes whereby we could kill a project because of its implications to the betterment of society. So share with us some of your thoughts on that. I think, you know, how do we as innovators prepare to say the dark side and communicate it and voice that in a world that does not value that?

扎克·戴维斯:(00:44:26)哇哦!是的,凯蒂,这是个大问题。所以,我认为道德推理,对吧,所有这一切的道德方面都归结到个人层面,你知道,道德是代代相传的。我真的认为,你知道,讲故事,就像你定义的那样,对吧?但你知道所有这些概念,所有对与错的区分,什么该做什么不该做,都归结为个人的决定。你知道,就像我说的,国家,民族国家,比以前的控制更少。大的机构,大的全球实体,大的权力集中,现在的影响力都不那么大了。权力向外分散,这就是全球主义真正站稳脚跟的原因。所以,我的意思是,如果有好消息的话,那就是决策,权力和代理,不管你怎么称呼它,已经下放到个人,地方团体层面。这与民族国家不同,民族国家追求他们必须追求的东西。 But. Each of us has that, as that decision making authority, and I would go back to the, where we started, in the dual-use nature of technology. You know, people ask “why?” Right? So you can say that “what’s driving all this?” Right? Is it the “dark side?” The money.. Is it greed? What’s what’s driving all this? Why are we… Why is this happening? And I used to think that the answer had to do with, you know, necessity, right? That technology and innovation unfolded when people had something that they needed. They needed to get a task done. They wanted to do something. And so they needed to innovate to achieve their goal. And the more I studied it, the more I realized that, you know, a lot of this innovation comes just from, you know, “why?” Because I was messing around with this. Because I wanted it. Because I was curious. Because I was interested or, you know, I didn’t plan on this. You know, I didn’t intend for this to happen, you know, this was serendipitous, this, you know, all just kind of came together. And so, I think what that means is, at the individual level, much of this innovation and much of the big developments…. Even those that are commanded and resourced and driven by larger interests, right, big Silicon Valley entrepreneurs, governments. You know, terrorist groups. They have their needs, but it does flow to the individual. To be, you know, this is all human. This is where we get focused on the shiny objects and we love our technology. But at the end of the day, this is all just human and it just… It’s in the hands of individuals.

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:48:53)正确的。正确的。有一个时刻我永远不会忘记。我上大学的时候,我是一名英语教授,我们读大屠杀文献,我们放下书本,她抬起头说,嗯,知道一个纳粹科学家在犹太人身上进行不道德的实验,每天晚上回家,喂饱家人,说,嗨,亲爱的,然后躺在床上,放松下来,开始新的一天是什么感觉?正确的。就像你说的,需要驱动行动,而当道德与我们的直接需求相比较时,它们就会变成一个灰色地带,这是一个非常非常黑暗的例子。但我认为这提醒了你们,恐怖是有道理的,或者,糟糕的行为或不负责任的行为,都是有道理的,因此,我们每个人都要检查自己,并勇敢地说,特别是如果你是一个创新领导者,让我们确保我们的影响故事不仅包括光鲜亮丽的可能性和利益相关者的利益,也包括公共卫生利益或公共利益和全球利益。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:50:12)正确的。完全正确。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:50:14)它是非常艰难的。违背需要是很难的,无论是在最高层面还是在你的个人生活中。作为一个经常研究这些话题的人,你对创新者还有什么其他建议吗?

扎克·戴维斯:(00:50:32)嗯,这是一个棘手的术语。我发现当人们谈论创新时,他们的意思是不同的,你知道,如果你在商界,那意味着一件事。对吧?这是一种颠覆性的商业模式。对吧?所以我们需要创新。正确的。优步是创新的,不是因为他们发明了什么技术,而是因为他们的商业理念。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:51:02)是的。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:51:03)他们认为这是一种更好的赚钱或省钱的方式,在科学中,对吧,创新就是新的知识,让我们发现一些新的东西,一个新的元素或一个新的过程,一种新的发现方式。所以当他们创新时,让我们尝试一些不同的东西。我们的实验。当然,这意味着你不知道会发生什么。然后在战场上,当你谈论创新时,很多时候你谈论的是战术和战略。所有这些都涉及到对手或你的社区,对吧?这一切都离不开周围的环境,你会影响到他人。所以你是被嵌入的。无论是在商业世界的竞争中,你都想让那些人失业。Uber就是这样,打车的,对吧? That was an institution that had long, long been a part of society. And, you know, it’s like, just wipe them out. And, you know, people were a little bit sad about that. On the battlefield, a lot of times, it means either new ways to prevail. But also, I think, you know, one thing that is perhaps paradoxical, but positive is the whole notion of deterrence, right? If you get really good at fighting war. Then it definitely influences the mindset of potential adversaries, let’s not have a war, I don’t think that would work out well for us. So sort of the paradox of nuclear weapons, right? The ability to destroy everything turns out to be the secret to the long peace, right? When global competitors make a rational decision that war no longer can serve the purpose for which it’s prosecuted. You can’t – you can’t win. We can’t come out of it better than we started. Let’s just not do it. Let’s find a way to avoid war. So, you know, I find this notion of innovation really elusive, very evasive and something that is natural, it’s a natural outcome of curiosity, of necessity, of creativity. It’s a part of human nature, right? It’s a part of what we do to survive. And so I’ve often been kind of perplexed by prescriptions, you know, “how to innovate.”

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:54:18)是的!

扎克·戴维斯:(00:54:18)“如何创造一个创新的工作场所,”你知道,“如何促进创新,”你知道,如何从人们身上发掘创新。来吧。来吧。你能做到的!让我们创新。跳出思维定势,让我们试试。我只是觉得这是一件很难捕捉和摆拍的事情。对我来说,更像是独角兽,是自然发生的事情,总是会发生,而不是总是发生……你知道,你也无法抑制它。你不希望恐怖分子有创新精神。而且,你知道,我的意思是,战争中最好的创新案例之一就是简易爆炸装置,对吧?

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:55:05)Mmhm。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:55:05)这是一种非常低的技术,你知道,这是世界各地的一些恐怖分子用来对付压倒性的常规军事力量的一种方式,你知道,他们想要破坏和击败常规军事力量。所以,你知道,恐怖分子真的很擅长创新。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:55:33)必要性,再次强调,必要性。善良。谢谢你!我知道我们可以继续,我们已经谈了一个小时了,我不敢相信。它从我身边飞过。我相信听众们也有同样的感受。扎克,我很感激你能在播客上谈论所有这些问题。我同意你的观点,我们需要继续为我们对创新的理解的细微差别而奋斗。听众在哪里能找到你?

扎克·戴维斯:(00:56:04)我们在劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室有一个网站,上面有一个我工作的小智库,那就是全球安全研究中心,CGSR。所以是“CGSR.LLNL.GOV”。我们有很多关于不同主题的出版物,人们报道各种各样的问题。我们现在正在研究一个大型生物安全项目,同时也在研究一个大型气候、环境和安全项目。我们有很多出版物和很多有趣的讲座,你可以点击从中学习一些东西。所以我可以通过那里联系到。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:56:54)太棒了。非常感谢扎克·戴维斯,感谢你来到播客并参加我们的节目。回头再聊。

扎克·戴维斯:(00:57:02)谢谢你!凯蒂,谢谢你让我闲扯。

凯蒂·特劳斯·泰勒:(00:57:05)感谢收听本周的节目。一定要在社交媒体上关注我们,加入我们的对话。你可以在Untold Content找乐动体育足球到我们。

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